Gambling as a chemical reaction in the brain

The psychology of gambling is directly related to human biochemistry. When a player launches a slot machine or sits down at a poker table, the brain releases dopamine, the hormone of joy. This effect can be compared to a chemical reaction when two substances combine and create an explosion of energy. In a casino, expectations and results become the ‘reactants,’ and the end product is the player’s emotions.

Therefore, gambling is not only entertainment, but also a kind of formula where the equation consists of risk, luck and control.

Balance as a catalyst for stability

Chemical processes always require balance, and the same applies to gambling. A player who knows how to control themselves sets limits on deposits, chooses safe casinos and does not allow gambling to get out of control. This can be called a ‘catalyst for stability’.

Safe play involves:

• smart bankroll management;
• using bonuses without the risk of exceeding your budget;
• the ability to stop in time. Thanks to this, gambling becomes a useful addition to life, rather than a source of problems.

Types of games in the world of online casinos

Online casinos are a whole table of ‘game elements’, where each genre has its own role and value.

Among the most popular genres are:

• Slots — bright slot machines with bonus rounds and jackpots.
• Poker — a game of strategy, psychology and mathematical calculation.
• Blackjack — a classic card battle with the dealer.
• Roulette — a symbol of excitement with an unpredictable outcome.
• Baccarat — a fast and stylish game that is especially popular among connoisseurs of elegant entertainment.

For a detailed overview of the full list of genres, visit the casino games section at https://legjobbkaszino.hu/kaszino-jatekok/, which contains descriptions and recommendations for slots, table games and live formats.

Game providers: the alchemists of the gambling world

Game providers play a key role in shaping the player’s experience. They are like alchemists who create unique formulas for entertainment.

• Red Tiger is known for its dynamic slots with jackpots that bring big wins every day.
• Spinomenal creates innovative slots with unusual bonuses and non-standard mechanics.
• Big Time Gaming is the creator of the famous Megaways mechanic, which changed the perception of slots.
• NetEnt is an industry pioneer, known for Starburst, Gonzo’s Quest and many other iconic games.

Thanks to these companies, online casinos are getting new gaming ‘formulas’ that combine quality, creativity, and reliability.

Technology as a driving force

The development of online casinos is impossible to imagine without technology. The widespread use of HTML5 has made games accessible from any device, including smartphones. Artificial intelligence helps casinos offer a personalised experience to players, while VR technology opens the door to virtual halls where you can fully immerse yourself in the atmosphere of a real casino.

Such innovations can be compared to catalysts in chemistry: they accelerate development and make the process more efficient.

The social chemistry of excitement

Casinos are not only an individual experience, but also a social space. In live games with real dealers, players communicate via chat, and tournaments bring together people from different countries. This creates a ‘chain reaction’ effect, where gambling is combined with friendship, rivalry and new acquaintances.

Thus, the social component of gambling becomes an integral part of the formula for success.

Conclusions: harmony between science and entertainment

Gambling and chemistry have more in common than meets the eye. In both cases, balance, reactions and results play a key role. An online casino can be imagined as a laboratory where the player experiments with different games, providers and strategies.

The formula for harmony consists of three elements: responsible gaming, conscious choice and enjoyment of the process. When these factors come together, gambling becomes an ecological and beneficial addition to life.

The post The ecological formula for excitement: where casinos and chemistry meet appeared first on ChemAlliance.

So, the three terms we’re going to discuss today are:

• chlorine,
• sodium hypochlorite,
• calcium hypochlorite.

Chlorine

Let’s start with chlorine. It is a yellowish-green gas with a pungent odor, poisonous, two and a half times heavier than air, belongs to the second class of danger.

By its effect, it is a choking gas, which irritates mucous membranes. When penetrating into lower respiratory tract, it causes pulmonary edema.

It is not found in nature in a free form, but in compounds – as much as you like. The best known is table salt (sodium chloride).

Chlorine became famous after its use in World War I as a poison gas.

Chlorine gas is widely used in industry:

• in non-ferrous metallurgy;
• in the pulp and paper industry;
• in the chlorination of water;
• in the production of organochlorine compounds etc.

It is stored and transported in liquefied form in special containers – cylinders, barrels, tanks, and already on site at the consumer liquid chlorine evaporates and in gaseous state enters into technological processes.

At present, improvement of the chlorine evaporation process, i.e. its transfer from the liquid to gaseous state, is very urgent, because many difficulties and subtleties are connected with it. Accordingly, equipment for this process (evaporators) is constantly being developed and improved. And, of course, there is no getting away from safety regulations when dealing with this clearly poisonous gas.

So, the brief summary: chlorine is a gas with a pungent odor, poisonous, heavier than air, yellowish-green in color. If you dig a little deeper into chemistry – its molecule consists of two chlorine atoms bonded together. There is nothing else in this molecule, just two chlorine atoms (chemists call such substances, consisting of only atoms of one chemical element, simple).

Sodium hypochlorite

The chemical name is sodium hypochlorite. It is a substance consisting of one atom of sodium, one atom of chlorine, and one atom of oxygen. That is, it is a substance consisting of atoms of different chemical elements (chemists call such substances complex), unlike chlorine gas, which consists of atoms of only one chemical element – chlorine.

Sodium hypochlorite is used, as a rule, in the form of aqueous solutions:

• in the textile industry for bleaching fabrics;
• in metallurgy;
• in the paper industry;
• for disinfecting, including swimming pools;
• for disinfecting drinking water;
• in some other branches of industry;
• in the home.

Sodium hypochlorite is most often used as a disinfectant because of its high antibacterial activity and wide range of action on various microorganisms.

When dissolved in water, it forms a substance called hypochlorous acid, which is a fairly strong oxidizer. In addition, it can partially decompose further with the release of atomic chlorine (hence the smell), atomic oxygen, radicals (i.e. particles) hypochlorite and hydroxyl.

All of the above particles are very active and affect the activity of the enzymes in the bacterial cells, disrupting the redox processes occurring in it, which leads to its death. This is how the disinfection process works.

Sodium hypochlorite has a disinfecting effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial spores, pathogenic fungi and viruses and tubercle bacilli.

Now what about its use in the home.

Sodium hypochlorite is a caustic substance, but you should not be afraid of it, but observe the elementary safety rules.

Since it causes irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, it is necessary to wear rubber gloves and take care of the eyes, because pure sodium hypochlorite in contact with skin can cause burns, and if it gets into the eyes – blindness.

Calcium hypochlorite and bleach

The chemical composition is a calcium atom, and two chlorine and oxygen atoms each.

Nowadays, sodium and calcium hypochlorites are successfully replaced by other substances with similar properties, but in different forms, for example, in the form of tablets.

The post Chlorine and bleach for disinfection appeared first on ChemAlliance.

The 19th century passed in a vigorous study of a variety of charcoals, from charcoal to bone charcoal, their derivation, properties, and applications. The main areas of application were sugar production and the wine industry. Finally, in 1900, two methods of producing activated coals were patented:

• Heating plant materials with metal chlorides;
• Activation with carbon dioxide and water vapor when heated.

It is the second method that is now the main way of obtaining activated coals.

How do they get

The main raw materials are natural materials: charcoal, sawdust, peat, walnut shell charcoal, hard coal, coke, lignite, etc.

For example, about 36% of carbon sorbents are produced from wood, the second most common is hard coal (28%). Lignite produces 14% of porous carbon materials, from peat – about 10%.

About 10% is made from coconut shells.

In ordinary coal the pores are closed, it cannot absorb other substances, it needs to be activated. That is why there are various activation technologies, i.e. opening of pores, increasing their number and size.

The basic principle is that the base material is placed in a furnace and treated with a mixture of air, water vapor and carbon dioxide at a temperature of 800-1000 degrees Celsius. In the process, the structure of the material is changed and a large number of pores are formed in it, which determine the properties and application of activated coals.

As a rule, the active surface area of 1 gram of such carbon is 1-4 square meters.

Structure

Activated carbons are tiny crystals composed of interconnected flat hexagons formed by carbon atoms. These hexagons form layers that are randomly shifted relative to each other. Thus, micropores are formed, which provide retention in the coal of a variety of molecules of other substances. This is why this material is called, in addition to all the names already heard, carbon molecular sieves (by the way, there are also very interesting inorganic molecular sieves, zeolites). Also, you have probably often heard the word “sorbent” – this is also about carbon, just because of the large number of pores it is an excellent sorbent.

Activated carbon is not only the chemical element carbon, there are other elements that go into it in the process of production:

• 93-94% carbon;
• 0.7-1% hydrogen;
• 4.7-5.3% oxygen;
• 0.3-0.6% nitrogen and some others in trace amounts, such as chlorine or sulfur.

Application

The production of porous coal materials worldwide amounts to about one million tons per year.

The main applications are:

• Purification of air and gases in industry;
• purification of solutions in industry;
• adsorption of gasoline vapors emitted by machines;
• air cleaning in crowded areas (e.g., airports);
• gas masking to protect people from hazardous substances (gas masks);
• production of protective fabrics (they contain finely dispersed activated carbon and protect people from toxic gases);
• use as a catalyst in some technological processes;
• Metal enrichment (e.g., gold);
• use as a filter in some cigarettes;
• medical applications.

As for solutions, what this includes:

• purification of sugar syrup in the production of sugar;
• purification of edible fats and oils;
• purification of pharmaceuticals (e.g. gelatin, caffeine, insulin, quinine, etc.);
• Purification of alcohol, beer, wine, fruit juices;
• Potable water treatment;
• treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater.

Medical Use

The medical use of charcoal has been known since 1550 BC from an old Egyptian papyrus. In addition, in 400 BC, Hippocrates described the treatment of poisoning with charcoal.

Nowadays, activated charcoal is used as an enterosorbent – so called preparations that have a high sorption capacity, while not being destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract and can bind various substances that have entered the body. The main ways of binding:

• adsorption,
• ionic exchange,
• complexation.

Activated charcoal is sold in pharmacies in the form of tablets and powder. Just recently I was looking for information on charcoal in the Komarovsky’s guide “Medicines” and was amazed at how many preparations there are, it turns out, for regular activated charcoal! Belosorb, carbactin, carbolong, carbomix, carbosorb and many others. There are powders, pellets, and capsules.

But the search through the online stores of our Kazakhstani pharmacies showed a dismal picture – only the classic activated carbon in tablets of 0.25 g.

The post Interesting facts about activated carbon appeared first on ChemAlliance.

The main thing is a lot of imagination and the ability to change these volcanoes at will. Almost the same as with the soda volcanoes – the main thing is your imagination.

For the butter volcano we will need:

• sunflower oil
• water
• any colorant (food or children’s coloring)
• 1 fizzy tablet
• pipette
• transparent glass or any other transparent container

Pour water into a clear glass about a third of the volume of the glass. Add the same amount of sunflower oil.

Let stand for a couple of minutes. Water and oil have different densities and do not mix with each other, so two immiscible layers are formed in the glass: a colorless layer – water and a yellowish layer – oil. Even at this stage, my child was very interested, and several times he stirred the mixture with a spoon and watched as it immediately separated into two layers.

In a separate small container, dilute the food coloring or dye. It is necessary to make a bright solution. You don’t need a lot of it, about a couple of tablespoons.

Use a pipette to take this solution and drop a drop at a time into a glass with oil and water. The drops, thanks to the oil, are separated from each other and hang in the thickness of the solution, on the border of the separation of water and oil.

And now we throw an effervescent tablet into this solution.

The carbon dioxide released from the tablet stirs the solution and creates a kind of bubbling volcano.

Such an interesting volcano of oil, water, and fizzy tablet! The only pity is that its “eruption” ends very quickly while the tablet is dissolving. But how many new things can be invented on its basis!

For example, take not one, but three pills. Or change the amount of oil (or water) and see how it erupts. Or to make the initial bottom layer of water slightly tinted with some dye, and to make the second solution, which we take with an eyedropper, a different color and very bright.

There may be many variants, use your imagination!

Only, if you show this experience to children, make sure they did not put into their mouths the products of the volcano eruption, explain them that they should not drink this solution.

And now for the second chemical volcano.

For the volcano of salt you will need almost the same things as for the previous experiment:

• sunflower oil
• water
• any coloring agent
• fine salt
• pipette
• Transparent glass or any other clear container

Pour water in a transparent glass about a third of the volume of the glass, add as much sunflower oil and let stand a couple of minutes.

Just add a pipette tinted with any dye solution.

Take a teaspoon of salt and very slowly pour it into a glass with a solution.

See what happens. The salt is heavy and settles to the bottom of the glass, taking small drops of oil with it. In the water, which is at the bottom of the glass, the salt dissolves and the oil particles, not held by anything, rise to the surface again. Sometimes this experience is also called a “lava lamp,” because what happens in the glass is really a bit like a lava lamp.

The post Two unusual chemical volcanoes of oil and salt appeared first on ChemAlliance.