|
Applicable Process |
GMP |
Notes |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Cogeneration from 'waste' heat |
Consider cogeneration options for generating electricity or using
"waste" heat. Or, conversely using waste heat from
electrical generation to produce steam. |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Continuously monitor and control water chemistry |
Continuously monitoring & controlling water chemistry reduces
water treatment chemical use and improves performance. |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Improve boiler combustion efficiency |
Improve boiler combustion efficiency |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Insulate steam lines |
Insulate steam distribution and condensate return lines |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Maintain steam traps |
Inspect and repair steam traps |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Minimize boiler blowdown |
Minimize boiler blowdown to save on treatment chemistry and
wastewater generation |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Monitor & Repair Steam Leaks |
Develop a maintenance program to test for and fix steam leaks. |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Monitor stack gases |
By monitoring stack gases, inputs to boilers can be adjusted for
optimum efficiency. |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Recover waste heat |
Use feedwater economizers for waste heat recovery |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Replace coil |
Replace coil, investigate alternative designs. |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Return condensate |
Return hot condensate to the boiler to reduce the energy needed to
heat fresh water. |
|
Boiler and Steam System |
Use existing steam |
Use existing steam superheat. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Absorption |
Absorption (activated carbon, molecular sieve, etc.) |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Collect emissions |
Collect emissions from vents and either return them to the process,
condensation or venting to thermal oxidizer. |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Color code & label valves |
When several connections are possible use color codes, labeling,
electronic sensors or even different size and type of connectors to
ensure proper connections. |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Condensation |
Condensation |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Eliminate splash filling |
Eliminate splash filling of volatile liquids by filling from the
bottom either by using pressure feed from a bottom valve or a long
probe to the bottom from the top. |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Overfill protection |
All tanks should have at least two levels of protection against
overfilling. Strategies for protection include passive (i.e.,
secondary containment), alarms, and active (i.e., automatic shut off). |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Protect transfer points from stormwater |
Protect transfer points from rain and snow. Operators will probably
operate more cautiously if they are protected from the weather. |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Provide shutoff valves |
Provide shut off valves as near to end of hose as possible to
minimize product retained in loose hose. Provide buckets to drain
hoses into. |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Remove more product (heels) |
Look for ways to remove more product from tanks and reduce heels
that become waste such as mechanical wipes or pumping from a small low
point in the tank. |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Use drip pans |
Use drip pans under connections to collect small drips |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Use dry disconnects |
Use dry disconnects to minimize product losses from hose
disconnection, they also serve as safety shut off if valves are not
closed. |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Use sumps to collect spills |
Transfer points should be performed on pad with sumps to collect
spills. |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Use wet/dry vacuum to collect small spills |
Rather than rinsing with water (which then has to be treated) use
vacuum to collect small spills of material. If material can't be used
treat or dispose of concentrate rather than diluted waste stream. |
|
Bulk Chemical Transfer Equipment |
Vapor balance tanks |
Vapor balance tanks |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Construction Area |
Create storage for reusable contruction materials |
Establish storage areas for recyclable materials during facility
construction or modification. |
|
Construction Area |
Minimize emissions during activities. |
Take precautions to minimize the release of gases, vapors, and
exhaust emissions during site development and construction activities.
Use dust palliatives and soil waterproofers to mitigate air quality
impacts. |
|
Construction Area |
Minimize material use. |
Use minimum quantities of materials (including hazardous or
nonhazardous) for construction. |
|
Construction Area |
Predetermine pipe integrity before backfilling |
Test underground piping for pipe and joint integrity before
backfilling. |
|
Construction Area |
Reuse scrap wastes |
Evaluate potential scrap wastes from processing been for possible
treatment or further processing that would make them reusable in
another process. |
|
Construction Area |
Substitute non-hazardous for hazardous materials |
For example, use lead-free solder when possible. |
|
Construction Area |
Test waste management systems during construction |
Test chemical and/or waste management systems during the
construction phase by using simulation or by using chemicals and
wastes generated during construction. |
|
Construction Area |
Use a minimum number of different raw materials |
Minimize the number of different raw materials used in construction
(e.g., plastics, metals, etc.), as well as the number of different
chemicals, solvents, or cleaning products. |
|
Construction Area |
Use disease-resistant construction materials |
Whenever possible, use non-toxic raw materials that are resistant
to termite infestation for building construction. |
|
Construction Area |
Use precut/premanufactured materials |
Whenever possible, use precut and/or premanufactured construction
materials to minimize onsite waste generation during construction. |
|
Construction Area |
Use recycled materials for road construction |
For example, concrete from demolition may be crushed and reused for
road beds or aggregate and recycled asphalt or asphalt containing
recycled tires may be used for road construction. |
|
Construction Area |
Use recycled-content building materials |
Give preference to specification and purchase of recycled materials
or products containing recycled materials. For example, recycled
gypsum board, building insulation products, paper, cement containing
fly ash, etc… |
|
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top] |
|
Cooling Tower |
Blowdown water |
Use blowdown water for non-critical cleaning applications or as
fire pond water. |
|
Cooling Tower |
Less toxic biocides |
Use less toxic biocides instead of chlorine gas and chromium
compounds. |
|
Cooling Tower |
Monitor water quality |
Continuously monitor water quality and adjust treatment chemical
concentration. |
|
Cooling Tower |
Plastic lumber |
Use plastic lumber to replace wooden slats. |
|
Cooling Tower |
Reuse cooling and blowdown water |
Reuse cooling tower or boiler blowdown for non-critical process
cleaning (such as washing floors or external surfaces). |
|
Cooling Tower |
Use other wastewater streams |
Look at other wastewater streams as source for cooling tower water. |
|
Cooling Tower |
Use RO water |
Investigate use of RO water as input if mineral build-up is a
problem. |
|
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top] |
|
Environmental Management System |
Implement an inventory tracking system |
Implement a central database for tracking process materials, as
well as office supply materials. Use computer networks for electronic
communication and record keeping to minimize the use of paper. |
|
Environmental Management System |
Use a charge-back system |
Implement a charge-back system to track true costs of wastes. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Furnace/Process Heater |
Cogeneration from 'waste' heat |
Consider cogeneration options for generating electricity or using
"waste" heat. Or, conversely using waste heat from
electrical generation to produce steam. |
|
Furnace/Process Heater |
Replace furnace |
Replace furnace with intermediate exchanger, use high temperature
transfer fluid. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Hazardous Waste Storage Shed |
Have spill kits available |
Spill kits should be readily available in areas where transfer is
done. |
|
Hazardous Waste Storage Shed |
Isolate non-compatible chemicals |
In case of spills, make certain non-compatible chemicals can not
react with each other. |
|
Hazardous Waste Storage Shed |
Limit access |
Limit access to a few responsible individuals, you should
physically separate storage from hazardous raw materials. |
|
Hazardous Waste Storage Shed |
Protect storage space |
Provide storage space protected from the environment. (Rainwater in
hazardous waste storage sites should either be tested or treated as
hazardous waste.) |
|
Hazardous Waste Storage Shed |
Provide drum funnels |
If liquid is transferred to drums from buckets, provide drum
funnels and grounding straps for flammable materials. |
|
Hazardous Waste Storage Shed |
Raise drums |
Metal drums should be placed off of floor. (Cold concrete acts to
condense water on drums leading to corrosion. A secondary containment
pallet can be used to lift drum off the floor.) |
|
Hazardous Waste Storage Shed |
Seal concrete floors |
Seal concrete floors so spilled waste does not permeate though
concrete and cracks. |
|
Hazardous Waste Storage Shed |
Separate incompatible materials |
Provide barriers between incompatible materials (i.e., strong
acids, bases, and organics). |
|
Hazardous Waste Storage Shed |
Use "Flammable" cabinets |
Flammable materials in opened containers should be stored in
flammable cabinets. Cabinets should be grounded and if feasible,
vented to the outside. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Heat Exchanger |
Cathodic protection |
Tubes with water and in them should have cathodic protection to
inhibit corrosion. |
|
Heat Exchanger |
De-superheat steam |
De-superheat steam. |
|
Heat Exchanger |
Install thermocompressor |
Install thermocompressor. |
|
Heat Exchanger |
Lower steam pressure |
Use lower pressure steam. |
|
Heat Exchanger |
Monitor fouling |
Monitor exchanger fouling. |
|
Heat Exchanger |
Non-corroding tube |
Use non-corroding tube. |
|
Heat Exchanger |
On-line cleaning |
Use on-line cleaning techniques (recirculating sponge balls and
reversing brushes). |
|
Heat Exchanger |
Reduce wall temperature |
Reduce tube-wall temperature. |
|
Heat Exchanger |
Scraped-wall exchanger |
Use scraped-wall exchanger for viscous streams. |
|
Heat Exchanger |
Staged heating |
Use staged heating (waste heat, then low pressure steam, then
de-superheated high pressure steam). |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Incinerator/Oxidizer |
Generate useful products from thermal destruction |
Rather than just incinerating, investigate the possibility of using
a thermal destruction process where a useful product is generated in
the process for onsite/offsite reuse. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Injection Well |
|
|
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Laboratory |
Analyze without chemicals |
Look for analytical methods that do not require additional solvents
or chemical treatment. |
|
Laboratory |
Electronic thermometers and barometers |
Use electronic or non-mercury thermometers and barometers. |
|
Laboratory |
Inline monitoring |
Perform in-line monitoring. |
|
Laboratory |
Inline sampling |
Use inline non-destructive sampling |
|
Laboratory |
Inventory Control |
Computerize chemical inventory to reduce buying and out of data
chemicals |
|
Laboratory |
Return unused sample |
Return unused sample to process (or client). |
|
Laboratory |
Review frequency and size |
Review sampling frequency and procedure to reduce number and
quantity. |
|
Laboratory |
Review procedures |
Review sampling procedures to minimize amount needed to collect a
representative sample. |
|
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top] |
|
Landfill |
Cover landfills |
Cover all landfills to reduce leachate treatment costs |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Maintenance |
Check for compressed air leaks |
Check for compressed air leaks |
|
Maintenance |
Check for steam, water and air leaks |
Compressed air and steam leaks typically account for energy losses
of 20% in many companies. |
|
Maintenance |
Chose energy efficient motor drives |
Selecting the proper type of belt drive systems can save energy |
|
Maintenance |
Compatible materials |
Make certain maintenance materials are compatible with process
chemicals and treatment facilities. |
|
Maintenance |
Develop TPM program |
Develop Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) program. |
|
Maintenance |
Do compressed air audits |
Make certain that the compressed air system and uses are matched
for best efficiency |
|
Maintenance |
Drain filters |
Remove and drain all oil and filters from equipment before
scrapping. |
|
Maintenance |
Eliminate electric motor voltage unbalance |
Eliminate electric motor voltage unbalance |
|
Maintenance |
Eliminate improper use of compressed air |
Eliminate improper use of compressed air where low pressure air is
needed |
|
Maintenance |
Install air drying system in compressed air units |
Moisture in compressed air systems reduces efficiency and can cause
piping to corrode |
|
Maintenance |
Maintain compressed air system |
Maintain compressed air system |
|
Maintenance |
Minimize scrap |
Keep scrap yard to a minimum. Inventory and store good parts,
recycle or dispose of all others. |
|
Maintenance |
Oil management |
Develop an oil management system to monitor use of all lube,
compressor, and vacuum oils. |
|
Maintenance |
Recover heat from compressed air |
Recover heat from compressed air |
|
Maintenance |
Recycle aerosol cans |
Depressurize (puncture) and drain aerosol cans and recycle as scrap
steel. |
|
Maintenance |
Use outside air for intake to air compressor |
Cold air is easier to compress than hot are. Compressors are
usually in hot closed rooms, using cold outside are can reduce energy
use by at least 10% |
|
Maintenance |
Variable drive electric motors |
Replace fixed speed electric motors with variable frequency drive
motors |
|
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top] |
|
Mixer |
(see Reactor)
|
|
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Office |
Consider "Green" Building Design |
70% of total lifetime energy costs are locked in after 1% of the
construction costs have been spent on design |
|
Office |
Facilitate bulk material use |
Design the office to handle bulk materials (as opposed to materials
in single use packages) to minimize secondary waste generation
associated with packaging and containers. |
|
Office |
Recycle fluorescent bulbs |
Florescent bulbs and mercury vapor lights can sometimes be
considered hazardous waste. Keep isolated from other solid wastes and
locate a company that recycles them. |
|
Office |
Recycle paper for packing material |
Reuse waste paper and corrugated cardboard to generate packing
material. |
|
Office |
Use energy-efficient appliances |
Use energy-efficient and/or resource-efficient office machines and
appliances (e.g., computers, printers, copiers, refrigerators, water
heaters, etc…) |
|
Office |
Use recycled products |
Give preference to specification and purchase of recycled materials
or products containing recycled materials (e.g., paper, plastic,
other.) |
|
Office |
Use suppliers that take back packaging |
Give preference to suppliers that take back containers and
packaging materials. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Packaging |
Use liners |
Use liners so containers are easy to clean & reuse. |
|
Packaging |
Use recyclable packaging |
Use recyclable packaging and containers. |
|
Packaging |
Use returnable packages |
Use returnable packages (such as totes) if shipping to supplier is
cheap. |
|
Packaging |
Use standard pallets |
Design packaging to use standard pallets. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Add energy |
Add energy to less toxic cleaning fluids in the form of heat, high
pressure or ultrasonics to make them as effective as more toxic
cleaners. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Assign cleaning and downtime costs |
Assign cleaning and downtime cost to production. Make sure sales
and customers know what costs are incurred for interrupted schedules. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Design to clean in place |
Consider clean in place strategies so equipment doesn't need to be
disassembled for cleaning. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Document procedures |
Document all cleaning procedures and base procedures on performance
measurements, determining how clean is clean enough is critical to
reducing costs. Know what the customers needs really are for quality
and give price breaks for less cleaning. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Eliminate 'dead' zones |
Eliminate “dead” zones in piping. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Enclosed cleaning system |
Design equipment so that it can be automatically cleaned in an
enclosed system to reduce emissions, worker exposure and time. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Keep surfaces smooth |
Keep surfaces of tanks and lines smooth to reduce product cling,
evaluate coatings (Teflon/glass) or polishing surfaces. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Maximize equipment dedication |
Maximize equipment dedication. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Minimize cleaning |
Design the system to minimize cleaning, eliminate blind low spots,
blind holes and slope walls to an extraction point in the bottom of
the reactor or tank. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Multiple stage rinsing |
Use multiple stage rinsing. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Recirculate solvent |
Recirculate cleaning solvent rather than just flushing with fresh
solvent. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Reuse cleaner |
Reclaim and reuse cleaner if feasible. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Select new solvent |
Select a solvent that can be reused in the process without
generating a waste. Clean process equipment with process fluids if
possible. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Spring loaded valves |
Put spring loaded valves on all hoses so they are not let running. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Standardize cleaning products |
Standardize cleaning products used. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Use in-line mixers |
Consider in line mixers instead of bulk tanks for mixing. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Use less cleaner |
Use less cleaner (by using high pressure sprays, pressurized air,
steam and heated cleaning bath, etc.) |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Use mechanical wiping |
Use mechanical wiping to remove product from surfaces before
washing. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Use raw material for cleaning |
Use raw material for cleaning solvent and substitute for virgin
solvent. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Use reusable filter media |
Use reusable filter media to reduce solid waste and recover
particulate material if it has value. |
|
Process Equipment Cleaning |
Use ultrasonics |
Use ultrasonic energy to speed up cleaning time or to enable the
use of less toxic cleaners |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Product Stewardship |
(no GMPs currently available)
|
|
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Public Communications |
(no GMPs currently available)
|
|
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Pumps, Valves & Piping |
"Pig" lines |
“Pig” lines rather than flush with solvents. Add turbulence to
line flushing to increase cleaning effectiveness. |
|
Pumps, Valves & Piping |
Double pig long lines |
Use two pigs with a slug of cleaning solvent between them to clean
long distribution lines. |
|
Pumps, Valves & Piping |
Leak Detection & Repair Program |
Monitor all valves, pumps and flanges for excess leaks and repair
when emissions greater than 50ppm |
|
Pumps, Valves & Piping |
Recover seal flushes |
Recover seal flushes and purchase and recycle to process where
possible. |
|
Pumps, Valves & Piping |
Size pipes correctly |
Size pipes correctly to reduce load on pumps and save energy and
maintenance shut downs |
|
Pumps, Valves & Piping |
Turn off pump flush |
Turn off flush when not in use. |
|
Pumps, Valves & Piping |
Use rupture disks |
Use rupture disks instead of pressure relief valves. (Make certain
to capture releases from rupture disks.) |
|
Pumps, Valves & Piping |
Use seal-less pumps |
Use seal-less pumps (can-type, magnetically driven or gas sealed
pumps). |
|
Pumps, Valves & Piping |
Work with vendors |
Work with vendors to ensure new equipment meets leak performance
standards. |
|
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top] |
|
Raw Materials |
Market co-product |
Find a market for co-product. |
|
Raw Materials |
Reformulate products |
Reformulate products (e.g. prepare chemicals in pellet form instead
of powder to reduce dust emissions). |
|
Raw Materials |
Reuse dust emissions |
Segregate and reuse dust emissions in the production process. |
|
Raw Materials |
Substitute for toxic materials |
Substitute less toxic or non-toxic raw materials. |
|
Raw Materials |
Use waste streams |
Look for waste streams from other processes to be used as raw
materials. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Reactor |
Automate startup, shutdown, changeover |
Automate start-ups, shutdowns and product changeover. |
|
Reactor |
Change reactor design |
Consider different reactor design (e.g., plug flow instead of
stirred-tank back mix). |
|
Reactor |
Collect emissions |
Collect emissions from vents and either return them to the process,
condensation or venting to thermal oxidizer. |
|
Reactor |
Design for cleaning |
Design reactors for easy of cleaning by minimizing surfaces,
allowing better access or by lining surfaces to reduce product cling. |
|
Reactor |
Distribute feeds |
Distribute feeds better for better yield conversion, both inlet and
outlet. |
|
Reactor |
Divert into neutralization tanks |
Consider diversion into neutralization tanks if disks rupture on
the reactor. |
|
Reactor |
Document loss leaders |
Loss-leaders (e.g., the extra amount you plan to make to insure to
meet a given volume of production) are documented and reviewed as
processes are modified. |
|
Reactor |
Improve catalyst |
Improve catalyst and continuously upgrade. |
|
Reactor |
Improve control |
Improve on-line control (e.g., with computer control system). |
|
Reactor |
Improve feed process |
Improve ways reactants are introduced into reactor (perfect ideal
reactant concentrations before feeds enter reactor). |
|
Reactor |
Improve heat transfer |
Improve heating and cooling techniques for reactor. |
|
Reactor |
Improve mixing |
If unreactive raw materials are a waste problem investigate ways to
improve physical mixing in reactor by installing baffles, high rpm
motor for agitator, different mixing blade design, multiple impellers,
pump recirculation or an in-line static mixer. |
|
Reactor |
In-lin monitoring of reaction |
Use continuous in-line monitoring to base control decisions to
increase process efficiency. |
|
Reactor |
Monitor rubber gaskets |
Ensure that rubber gaskets are not cracked or worn. |
|
Reactor |
Optimize daily operation |
Optimize daily operation. |
|
Reactor |
Program for unexpected trips |
Program plant to handle unexpected upsets and trips. |
|
Reactor |
Redesign processes |
Redesign or modify processes and technologies to recover product
and unconverted raw materials. |
|
Reactor |
Separation reactors |
Look into separation reactors that remove products as they form to
drive reaction to products and reduce secondary reactions. |
|
Reactor |
Use SPC methods |
Use Statistical Process Control methods to analyze relationship of
process control to output quality. |
|
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top] |
|
Remediation Area |
Constructed wetland treatment |
Treatment using surface water systems (wetlands) can greatly reduce
energy needs |
|
Remediation Area |
In-Situ Treatment |
Natural attenuation of chlorinated hydrocarbons has been
implemented in some sites |
|
Remediation Area |
Natural habitat restoration |
When using wetlands for treatment consider further upgrades to
provide greenspace or even habitat restoration |
|
Remediation Area |
No/Low stormwater discharge |
Minimize water infiltration into remediation zone to reduce
leachate production |
|
Remediation Area |
Recycle or recover material |
For more concentrated contaminates consider recover over treatment |
|
Remediation Area |
Reuse of treated leachate |
Use treated leachate water for landscape watering in non-critical
areas. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Separation Process |
Add sections |
Add section to column (e.g., with different diameter, trays, high
efficiency packing). |
|
Separation Process |
Change feed tray |
Change feed tray for better separation. |
|
Separation Process |
Clear tubes |
Ensure that tubes are not blocked. |
|
Separation Process |
Forward vapor overhead |
Forward vapor overhead to next column (use partial condenser and
introduce vapor stream to downstream column). |
|
Separation Process |
Improve condensers |
Improve overhead condensers (retubing, condenser replacement,
supplemental vent condenser addition). |
|
Separation Process |
Improve feed distribution |
Improve feed distribution, especially for packed column. |
|
Separation Process |
Increase reflux |
Increase reflux ratio if column capacity is adequate. |
|
Separation Process |
Increase vapor line |
Increase size of vapor line. |
|
Separation Process |
Insulate |
Insulate. |
|
Separation Process |
Lower column pressure |
Lower column pressure. |
|
Separation Process |
Lower distillation pressure |
Lower distillation pressure to reduce steam use. |
|
Separation Process |
Modify reboiler |
Modify reboiler design (falling film or pumped recirculation
reboilers, high-flux tubes). |
|
Separation Process |
Preheat feed |
Preheat column feed (e.g., by cross exchange with another stream). |
|
Separation Process |
Recover distillation bottoms |
Often distillation bottoms become waste when additional processing
can recover valuable products. |
|
Separation Process |
Reduce reboiler temp |
Reduce reboiler temperature (e.g., using lower pressure steam,
de-superheated steam, installing thermocompressor, using intermediate
transfer fluid). |
|
Separation Process |
Remove overhead from tray |
Remove overhead products from tray near top of column. |
|
Separation Process |
Retray or repack |
Retray or repack column. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Solid Waste Recycling |
Deconstruction |
Consider reuse of building materials during demolition |
|
Solid Waste Recycling |
Segregate and charecterize solid wastes |
One companies waste can sometimes be used as raw material inputs
into a different process. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Stack Emissions |
Biofiltration |
Consider biofiltration for low volume, low concentration organic
vapors. |
|
Stack Emissions |
Collect pollutants at source |
Collect concentrated pollutants as close to the source as possible,
volume and dilution drive up treatment costs. |
|
Stack Emissions |
Filter particulates & recirculate |
For facilities with equipment inside, if you are just filtering
particulates, filter so air is clean enough to breath and recirculate
in the plant to save HVAC costs. |
|
Stack Emissions |
Pressure drop across filters |
Monitor pressure difference across filter media to detect rips or
loading of filters. |
|
Stack Emissions |
Recoverable adsorbents |
Use recoverable adsorbents to concentrate dilute organics rather
than heating up a lot of air. |
|
Stack Emissions |
Reusable filter media |
Consider reusable filter media that can be cleaned by shakers or
air horns, this will both reduce solid wastes and automate the
cleaning process. |
|
[Back to
top] |
|
Storage Tanks |
Agitation |
Use agitation to reduce build up of contaminates. |
|
Storage Tanks |
Cathodic protection |
Underground tanks, tanks sitting on the ground or tanks holding
electrolytes should have cathodic protection to inhibit corrosion. |
|
Storage Tanks |
High-pressure spray nozzles |
Use automated high pressure spray nozzles for cleaning. |
|
Storage Tanks |
Internal floats |
Consider internal floats to reduce volatile emissions. |
|
Storage Tanks |
Overfill protection |
All tanks should have at least two levels of protection against
overfilling. Strategies for protection include passive (i.e.,
secondary containment), alarms, and active (i.e., automatic shut off). |
|
Storage Tanks |
Pressurized tanks |
Consider pressurized tanks for small storage to reduce volatile
emissions. |
|
Storage Tanks |
Use robotics to inspect tanks |
Rather than empty tanks for inspection use robotics to inspect
in-use tanks. |
|
Storage Tanks |
Use ultrasonics to clean |
Use ultrasonic energy to speed up cleaning time or to enable the
use of less toxic cleaners |
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Stormwater |
Collect storm water |
Consider collecting stormwater for fire ponds, cooling tower use or
non-critical equipment clean purposes. |
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Stormwater |
Collect water in fire ponds |
Collect water for emergency fire water storage. |
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Stormwater |
Cover containment dikes |
Cover secondary containment dikes to avoid collecting water in
potentially contaminate areas. |
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Stormwater |
Cover landfills |
Cover all landfills to reduce leachate treatment costs |
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Stormwater |
Cover transfer points |
Cover all loading and transfer points (and make sure cover goes
beyond drainage areas). Besides for reducing loads on wastewater
facilities, operators will stay dry and might be less in a hurry and
less prone to make mistakes. |
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Stormwater |
Valves on stormwater discharge points |
Put gate vales on stormwater discharge points that can be shut in
case of a large spill into stormwater system. |
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Warehouse Operations, including Forming |
Central chemical approval |
Set up central approval for purchasing chemicals. |
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Warehouse Operations, including Forming |
Computerized inventory |
Set up computerized inventory of all chemicals between laboratories
(tie into MDSD information. |
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Warehouse Operations, including Forming |
Improve scheduling |
Schedule production so less quality sensitive products are done
last (such as do light colors first and darker colors last). |
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Warehouse Operations, including Forming |
Isolate hazardous waste from chemical storage |
Keep hazardous waste areas separated from other chemical inventory
areas. |
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Warehouse Operations, including Forming |
Isolate incompatable chemicals |
Keep incompatible chemicals in different areas protected by
separate secondary containment. |
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Warehouse Operations, including Forming |
Reduce buying |
Buy only what you can use. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
Allocate costs |
Allocate wastewater treatment costs to production units or products
produced. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
Eliminate drops |
VOC's are stripped from wastewater when water falls into outfalls.
Allow water to fill from bottom to reduce emissions. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
Eliminate open ditches |
Eliminate open ditches to transport wastewater to reduce volume
from stormwater and emissions of VOC's. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
Enclosed systems |
For small systems (~10,000 gallons) use totally enclosed treatment
systems to eliminate emissions of VOC's. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
Line basin |
Line wastewater treatment basin to prevent transport of
contaminates. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
Monitor dissolve oxygen |
Monitor dissolved oxygen in aerobic treatment systems and adjust
aeration to keep at optimal levels. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
Monitor input water quality |
Monitor quality of input water to make certain problems are not
external to the plant.. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
Monitor sewer lines |
Monitor sewer lines for leaks. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
Neutralize with waste material |
Instead of using fresh acid/base to neutralize a waste stream look
for other waste streams to help neutralize the pH. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
Reuse effluent |
If wastewater is not hazardous, consider where effluent from
treatment could be used in the facility. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
Treat at source |
Treat highly concentrated or unusual wastes at source before it is
diluted with other process wastewater. |
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Wastewater Treatment Unit |
UV/Ozone disinfecting |
Consider UV/Ozone instead of chlorine disinfecting, especially if
discharging to waterway where chlorine loading could be a problem. |
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